9 ~+ a) z7 O2 {% o0 I9 q& Q% E达到工业生产规模 : F G0 x; e( J9 h7 `% g9 s. H. w a) \" V9 ]
该遗址位于塞浦路斯首府尼科西亚西南约89公里处，考古学家认为这里原是一座面积达4000平方米的香水作坊。考古队队长贝尔焦诺说：「在发现这地方有多大时，我们都惊呆了。当时的香水生产一定达到了工业生产规模。」 ( K5 P. m1 e8 J. o0 F' X# q% n8 ]. P- i' X( N' K' v
在这座古作坊里，考古学家至少发现了60个保存完好的蒸馏器具、香料搅拌碗、漏斗和香水瓶。这些器具在公元前约1850年一次剧烈的火山喷发后被湮没，直至这次才重见天日。 6 r9 A: [7 ]# f 5 u- x. Q" r, e/ S" a. }5 S作为爱神阿芙罗狄蒂的出生地，大量香水的发现恰好与塞浦路斯的文化渊源相吻合。塞浦路斯文物机构的官员表示，有关爱神的许多神话都与香水有关，她巧妙地借助香水施展女性魅力。8 b9 `; Y# ?( k- U+ e5 ]
" ^: e2 J! ~/ d1 w
这座古作坊散发著数种植物的混合香味。这些以希腊神话中女神们的名字命名的香水，萃取了数种天然植物混合而成。考古学家在一些石膏小瓶中发现了提取香料的植物，包括薰衣草、迷迭香以及橄榄油等。 7 _; e- \9 ?" m( b% u7 V% a4 r) I, b# \
此番发现的香水现陈列在罗马卡比托奈山丘博物馆内。其中的4种香水已被科学家成功复制。% y5 N& o& c9 a: [5 a0 {+ I% E' J% a2 M
: J# |. ?: @; E, f; z4 w
制作方法师从埃及人8 |0 Y; d# l0 k
, ] F! J, s2 M+ I+ Y% J
贝尔焦诺说，塞浦路斯人可能是从埃及人那里学到了制作香水的方法，因为当时两国关系密切。考古学家曾在一座古埃及的墓穴中发现过香水，这座墓穴被认为是公元前3000年前古埃及的一个皇族墓穴。在此发现的香水中混有植物油和动物油。% `0 e6 f3 V9 n8 u9 y+ n
2 E& l2 I' A9 R
香水对于古人而言不仅可发挥吸引嗅觉的作用，还因为其中的芳香树脂具有医药效用，在宗教祭典和葬礼仪式中使用。除香水外，此番在塞浦路斯发现的古香水作坊中还发现有炼铜铺子、酒窖和橄榄油榨取坊等遗迹。7 W* r) ~3 H3 v) t5 k
* v1 z# w" z; l千年香水秘方# W; k7 @- |5 Y6 g/ G( O
4 H& a; e; G7 y' r/ d9 r9 \6 V$ O3 {成分：薰衣草、迷迭香、松木、芫荽、欧芹、香柠檬、苦杏仁、月桂以及橄榄油等。5 ]: I! o' E. w2 }! U9 H: q$ A% E. C
! o. H [2 ?9 k0 R" z3 O* o制作方法：将碾碎的香草加进油和水里，再把混合物装进长颈小瓶中，最后将瓶子放在灰烬上烤１２小时。" I1 U9 C# i# H, r
& j9 g! z5 w' z评价： ! c ^& I2 {. t ~. L; s9 c2 e4 n1 d' h! t6 h
「香水闻起来不错。」——女游客阿莱夏•阿凡纳塔2 A; A9 o) N" b. N F5 w8 u( U9 i, l
# s3 b' A! G0 D0 [, ^) |: ^- e「我能闻出有松脂味。」——参观者朱丽娅1 ]) i! t# P% R
" J g2 v( K/ y2 M
来源：信息时报 ; ?4 q A) ? D; X/ A) j' Q$ {* _/ w, ?) h
4000-year-old perfumes found on Aphrodite's fabled island 0 Q4 X- }8 `& E" ZThe remains of ancient scents and bottles found on Cyprus have gone in display, writes Malcolm Moore. ; z* \! A, u/ g& H* K. S : }; c& X' \5 [ITALIAN archaeologists have found the world's oldest perfumes on Cyprus. 1 C( z( ^7 [$ L6 n# Z7 k- d3 b - \+ @, M$ i p4 v! DThe perfumes were scented with extracts of lavender, bay, rosemary, pine or coriander and kept in tiny translucent alabaster bottles. 8 Z4 c- O& r- A; S8 g" m& b$ |% X# K& L; j' x
The remaining traces found at Pyrgos, in the south of the island, are more than 4000 years old.; e: Y; @" \) e" E
# e0 y' \+ n1 n4 [. ]0 b0 cThey were discovered inside what archaeologists believe was an 3995-square-metre perfume-making factory.6 R8 C5 T! D. z1 ^
) o" a) F+ c. h0 q
"We were astonished at how big the place was," the leader of the archaeological team, Maria Rosa Belgiorno, said. "Perfumes must have been produced on an industrial scale." * S. W$ L+ @" P& v3 K& C2 ?5 A2 i: s; r
At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were perfectly preserved at the site, which had been blanketed in earth after a violent earthquake about 1850BC.+ q6 M, o2 d& q5 m
* \/ B: Q$ `/ _5 K7 q1 K
The abundance of perfumes fits well with Cyprus' mythological status as the birthplace of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. ; X1 E9 I5 g( v6 a7 ?! r T! k, y, J+ Y( N Q
"The goddess' myth was strongly linked to the perfume she used to get what she wanted," the head of Cyprus' antiquities department, Pavlos Flourentzos, said.; e2 l" `8 M4 h, U+ t
6 l% D! Z* m/ qThe finds are now on display at the Capitoline Museum in Rome. / K0 n1 \" V5 ~& n- ?& g- M+ g0 v, m: y
Four of the perfumes have been re-created from residues found at the site. / X. v) i2 F- _+ B0 } 7 U/ ~+ `' Q" ^An Italian foundation, which aims to re-create antique traditions, distilled them according to techniques described by Pliny the Elder, by grinding the herbs, adding them to oil and water, and burying them in a long-necked jug over hot embers for 12 hours. 7 c: Y9 Z9 s2 k0 K 5 [6 U8 `) S, Q* m c: s8 k- m"It smells good, but strong," museum visitor Alessia Affinata, 30, said. "I can smell the pine especially," said Giulia Occhi Villavecchia, 23. 9 b4 D0 p& }/ K# ]# m4 b3 H7 }' }: _/ a6 z; V: u
Neither was sure they would actually wear them.
图片附件: [Fragments of ancient perfume jars found at Pyrgos, Cyprus.] perfumes.jpg (2007-3-24 10:10, 17.02 KB) / 下载次数 92 http://www.csuchen.de/bbs/attachment.php?aid=249682&k=b86be33ccae08e4627a9a527d5458274&t=1783627347&sid=F9dd4g
图片附件: [Fragments of ancient perfume jars found at Pyrgos, Cyprus.] perfumes.jpg (2007-3-24 10:10, 17.02 KB) / 下载次数 92