你是否曾想像过,有一天驾车上班的路上,不必再全神贯注地手把方向盘、脚踩刹车,而是悠闲地看报纸、喝茶或聊天,因为有全自动无人驾驶汽车载着你在车海中灵活穿行。如今,德国一家公司应用先进科技把无人驾驶汽车变成了现实。 4 ]6 U. t2 y: k+ ~& V% \ 9 \, \) ^6 L! {8 a! A K1 L& D ●智能汽车无人开 5 U3 T5 \6 Y$ G" p7 d3 t- r( u* v; ]! d7 n" e
在无人驾驶技术研究方面位于世界前列的德国汉堡Ibeo公司研制的无人驾驶汽车,11日在英国伦敦科学博物馆与公众见面。这辆无人驾驶智能汽车经德国大众汽车公司生产的帕萨特2.0改装而成,外表看来与普通家庭汽车并无差别,但却可以在错综复杂的城市公路系统中无人驾驶。这归功于车内安装的无人驾驶设备,包括激光扫描仪、全球定位仪和智能计算机。 / A1 G1 _4 l2 k6 B2 q6 K # a! U3 m" C9 g3 a3 c9 k" T 德国Team Lux公司已将这种无人驾驶技术应用于家庭车型。“目前,无人驾驶汽车还不能合法上路,但它早晚能做到,”Team Lux公司工作人员弗尔克尔•威尔霍夫特说,“我们能将这种(无人驾驶)设备安装在家庭汽车上,这将使我们的社会更加安全。” ( A. S/ d: J& P7 [5 E7 K7 ]3 C; r
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Ibeo公司发言人卡琳•迪普考特透露,Ibeo公司已经同全球几家主要汽车生产商,如大众、宝马、克莱斯勒等进行磋商,预计今年内能够投入生产。 ' C! E- d6 E# a/ b- L
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●前后装了“两只眼” % R# l# |) g* b9 H
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Ibeo公司发言人迪普考特向参观者介绍了这款无人驾驶汽车的先进之处。 2 e, e: E8 A5 n: e- t9 S
) {: b. p. F6 P. A$ M4 } 行驶过程中,车内安装的全球定位仪随时获取汽车所在准确方位的信息数据。 6 m7 d- M- i6 W5 q C* ~) R$ |7 R2 c& ^. K6 |1 c5 k
隐藏在前灯和尾灯附近的激光扫描仪是汽车的“眼”,它们随时“观察”汽车周围约183米内的道路状况,构建三维道路模型。 1 v6 x. j9 @, c; G' |+ f6 p4 F! w/ g4 X( O
除此之外,“眼”还能识别各种交通标识,如速度限制、红绿灯、车道划分、停靠点等,保证汽车在遵守交通规则的前提下安全行驶。 $ s5 h+ n+ [$ p" Y1 X1 G3 M; b' Z. w( W. K" ^
最后由无人驾驶汽车的“脑”———安装在汽车后备箱内的计算机,将两组数据汇合、分析,并根据结果向汽车传达相应的行驶命令。 0 U6 G/ {" S$ K4 c
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多项先进科技确保这款无人驾驶汽车能够灵活换挡、加速、转弯、刹车甚至倒车。在茫茫车海和人海中,它能巧妙避开建筑、障碍物、其他车辆和行人,从容前行。 1 y/ L$ L C# B3 ]6 T; y- A # l) w, v* \, m1 N; `/ T ●接受都市挑战 : Q) ]5 G0 L; h; l7 [$ } 9 l. j1 B1 C. D8 w* e! j* s Team Lux公司将携装有这种先进无人驾驶技术的汽车参加今年11月在美国举行的无人驾驶汽车拉力赛。 & B! Z9 s" Z8 w
. r; r/ Q0 A9 G r 今年的比赛要求参赛汽车在美国某城市中心区行驶97公里,旨在考验无人驾驶汽车在错综复杂的城市交通系统下安全、快速行驶的能力。冠军将获得120万美元奖金。这一比赛由美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助,旨在为研发无人驾驶技术提供候选方案。比赛已分别于2005年和2003年举办两届。 : e( B% V& z; x7 U! h0 b" K 2 ?* r7 k( U7 X6 O& E( r7 `8 z7 e3 Z 2005年比赛在加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠举行,4辆无人驾驶汽车成功穿越212公里崎岖路段到达终点。冠军“斯坦尼”还被着名《连线》杂志评为“最佳智能机器人”。8 b3 a; i& X4 T6 U+ N- ?
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Driverless car goes on show in London$ J6 G, Y8 \/ f Y4 ^
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A car driven by a hi-tech ghost of laser sensors and computers has gone on exhibit in London, before it competes against other robot cars in the United States in November.1 [# E" n+ f' F _' Z
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The Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDI drives using two eye-like laser sensors in the front and one in the back that scan road conditions, buildings, other vehicles and pedestrians over a range of up to 200 metres.- G, n/ ]$ C! f, B9 q
) \! g, o# ]$ h5 x' j, T; oAn on-board computer digests and acts on the information using software developed by the Hamburg, Germany-based Ibeo Automobile Sensor company, said company experts displaying the car at the Science Museum in London. 7 {! E" ?0 g1 u! }4 ^1 n- E 5 h7 v' X' K: D* l7 N/ jIn November, the car will compete against other driverless vehicles in the third annual US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge over a 60-mile course in America.2 @/ m# S! U, v4 x& | E3 c. F
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"We are competing against the world's best in terms of automobile technology," Ibeo chief executive Ulrich Lages said.0 u6 I/ s% n$ L6 |; s0 D& b
! c5 e4 f5 b" R. {; z# R" ^) S* h8 j"Although we are a relatively small team and, unlike the big players, do not have a large budget, we believe we have a great chance at DARPA 2007," he said.! h: `( L6 V; Y; A" A
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"Our innovative laser technology gives us a lead of several years over our prospective rivals, especially in the field of object and environmental detection," he said.5 e% d4 ]; x% X' H) z
3 Q8 X; B/ ]5 i; L) [Christened LUX, the refitted Volkswagen that looks exactly like a standard road model is due to go into small-scale production next year and the firm hopes that its technology can eventually be used in production cars. ( f& e9 z/ i6 @6 s, L r* I0 W9 z & Q7 s, @2 ], N0 z* GAt a conference in the US city of San Francisco in February, scientists predicted robot-driven cars could be shuttling humans around by the year 2030.