你是否曾想像过,有一天驾车上班的路上,不必再全神贯注地手把方向盘、脚踩刹车,而是悠闲地看报纸、喝茶或聊天,因为有全自动无人驾驶汽车载着你在车海中灵活穿行。如今,德国一家公司应用先进科技把无人驾驶汽车变成了现实。 $ K0 U9 {' i- |7 L8 y
7 _* L+ `! O/ B5 C5 d- f0 [ ●智能汽车无人开 , G* h9 a! H* t j% s( D2 r, |6 g0 D7 F. c2 [
在无人驾驶技术研究方面位于世界前列的德国汉堡Ibeo公司研制的无人驾驶汽车,11日在英国伦敦科学博物馆与公众见面。这辆无人驾驶智能汽车经德国大众汽车公司生产的帕萨特2.0改装而成,外表看来与普通家庭汽车并无差别,但却可以在错综复杂的城市公路系统中无人驾驶。这归功于车内安装的无人驾驶设备,包括激光扫描仪、全球定位仪和智能计算机。 5 {+ D- u8 E+ g! `4 O# O* Z3 b2 p) u. A) T1 D- N
德国Team Lux公司已将这种无人驾驶技术应用于家庭车型。“目前,无人驾驶汽车还不能合法上路,但它早晚能做到,”Team Lux公司工作人员弗尔克尔•威尔霍夫特说,“我们能将这种(无人驾驶)设备安装在家庭汽车上,这将使我们的社会更加安全。” 3 o1 u/ @+ V7 m! n: g, S# d0 H) U " v, N3 d& A N T. P Ibeo公司发言人卡琳•迪普考特透露,Ibeo公司已经同全球几家主要汽车生产商,如大众、宝马、克莱斯勒等进行磋商,预计今年内能够投入生产。 f7 b6 ~7 ]4 F. A. t* ` }8 L" N2 i, o" z+ t ●前后装了“两只眼” $ O: d) w/ a2 {% [" y
* M; d/ Q% g2 O) s( U Ibeo公司发言人迪普考特向参观者介绍了这款无人驾驶汽车的先进之处。 9 B4 a$ C( y6 W4 _ M, z/ @& l5 [ D: x
行驶过程中,车内安装的全球定位仪随时获取汽车所在准确方位的信息数据。 2 f+ D2 s- _. z$ ^; \7 U6 B/ M, P1 g , i9 f- C! p9 ]& s$ Y. ] 隐藏在前灯和尾灯附近的激光扫描仪是汽车的“眼”,它们随时“观察”汽车周围约183米内的道路状况,构建三维道路模型。 , a) ~! [/ M1 C5 b2 A" X- J' K ( a9 R* {+ s0 c3 ?& l% I 除此之外,“眼”还能识别各种交通标识,如速度限制、红绿灯、车道划分、停靠点等,保证汽车在遵守交通规则的前提下安全行驶。 / f2 |, r, Z8 w5 R 3 \$ z5 g" i' d3 V1 A& }% B" ~ 最后由无人驾驶汽车的“脑”———安装在汽车后备箱内的计算机,将两组数据汇合、分析,并根据结果向汽车传达相应的行驶命令。 - ]' N" J, R/ P- I! L. u! X/ ^/ R5 X3 O0 [) l) U9 Q
多项先进科技确保这款无人驾驶汽车能够灵活换挡、加速、转弯、刹车甚至倒车。在茫茫车海和人海中,它能巧妙避开建筑、障碍物、其他车辆和行人,从容前行。 * D/ Q" I- d& Y; F& H - x6 @" `3 ~, r6 H* D ●接受都市挑战 4 H3 S# P% z, U4 h: A) v) g% \8 j5 i& w2 N$ C5 m) `
Team Lux公司将携装有这种先进无人驾驶技术的汽车参加今年11月在美国举行的无人驾驶汽车拉力赛。 $ z* C; M! J7 _) L% V- B" [% u6 U8 a' \0 F t5 Z
今年的比赛要求参赛汽车在美国某城市中心区行驶97公里,旨在考验无人驾驶汽车在错综复杂的城市交通系统下安全、快速行驶的能力。冠军将获得120万美元奖金。这一比赛由美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助,旨在为研发无人驾驶技术提供候选方案。比赛已分别于2005年和2003年举办两届。 R1 A4 x8 p2 T0 M& i9 u, p# Y
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2005年比赛在加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠举行,4辆无人驾驶汽车成功穿越212公里崎岖路段到达终点。冠军“斯坦尼”还被着名《连线》杂志评为“最佳智能机器人”。; K0 [ \- Y" [" [
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Driverless car goes on show in London 3 T' n2 ^8 w- D: f; a2 `2 M* q5 r- m
A car driven by a hi-tech ghost of laser sensors and computers has gone on exhibit in London, before it competes against other robot cars in the United States in November. % X+ M/ P# \* L- O8 N2 ? - j$ B! S! o" t7 S: dThe Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDI drives using two eye-like laser sensors in the front and one in the back that scan road conditions, buildings, other vehicles and pedestrians over a range of up to 200 metres. - g* M/ J5 M, ]+ A1 T2 O; ^0 u5 k/ v' A4 [
An on-board computer digests and acts on the information using software developed by the Hamburg, Germany-based Ibeo Automobile Sensor company, said company experts displaying the car at the Science Museum in London. ( ?4 N U) z" m" N, S* s# {1 x / v g: ]) ~6 } Z+ v& r+ Q4 b3 mIn November, the car will compete against other driverless vehicles in the third annual US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge over a 60-mile course in America. F) s5 `$ H# t# K6 {* {) z1 o& r2 W+ S4 n5 s* T. B
"We are competing against the world's best in terms of automobile technology," Ibeo chief executive Ulrich Lages said.1 J) X/ r% g6 g0 [
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"Although we are a relatively small team and, unlike the big players, do not have a large budget, we believe we have a great chance at DARPA 2007," he said.8 u9 U% q) m+ a0 D! R" r
' U# N( X' A; k( X! Q$ f) r"Our innovative laser technology gives us a lead of several years over our prospective rivals, especially in the field of object and environmental detection," he said. $ f( u- d5 K3 p6 k% T" z3 H4 `1 E- D) R, k9 R) e- [: O/ E
Christened LUX, the refitted Volkswagen that looks exactly like a standard road model is due to go into small-scale production next year and the firm hopes that its technology can eventually be used in production cars. 5 Q. H/ T, O$ K r, R5 d( l- o/ [' b) }) {5 H! J* h
At a conference in the US city of San Francisco in February, scientists predicted robot-driven cars could be shuttling humans around by the year 2030.