[国际新闻] 距今4000年香水 破译神秘配方

日月光

意大利考古学家近日在地中海小岛塞浦路斯发现世界上最古老的香水生产遗址，并根据残余的香草萃取物复制了4瓶香水。考古学家表示这些古老香水至少有4000年的历史。9 Y. v# X' \! D( a; m$ k% r
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达到工业生产规模
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该遗址位于塞浦路斯首府尼科西亚西南约89公里处，考古学家认为这里原是一座面积达4000平方米的香水作坊。考古队队长贝尔焦诺说：「在发现这地方有多大时，我们都惊呆了。当时的香水生产一定达到了工业生产规模。」
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8 S' L" |. a4 ]& }: C2 P人在德国 社区在这座古作坊里，考古学家至少发现了60个保存完好的蒸馏器具、香料搅拌碗、漏斗和香水瓶。这些器具在公元前约1850年一次剧烈的火山喷发后被湮没，直至这次才重见天日。% G# s% w3 B3 e6 ~
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作为爱神阿芙罗狄蒂的出生地，大量香水的发现恰好与塞浦路斯的文化渊源相吻合。塞浦路斯文物机构的官员表示，有关爱神的许多神话都与香水有关，她巧妙地借助香水施展女性魅力。人在德国 社区  p  H$ `, L5 P( R# J

& y; e: \1 g2 g% ?" s这座古作坊散发著数种植物的混合香味。这些以希腊神话中女神们的名字命名的香水，萃取了数种天然植物混合而成。考古学家在一些石膏小瓶中发现了提取香料的植物，包括薰衣草、迷迭香以及橄榄油等。
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, i& n0 t/ T0 S1 u! J" x1 u此番发现的香水现陈列在罗马卡比托奈山丘博物馆内。其中的4种香水已被科学家成功复制。+ M  g, E0 ?3 ?- m0 s, I# G4 e; Q

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! _& h6 p' _! `: A: w贝尔焦诺说，塞浦路斯人可能是从埃及人那里学到了制作香水的方法，因为当时两国关系密切。考古学家曾在一座古埃及的墓穴中发现过香水，这座墓穴被认为是公元前3000年前古埃及的一个皇族墓穴。在此发现的香水中混有植物油和动物油。
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香水对于古人而言不仅可发挥吸引嗅觉的作用，还因为其中的芳香树脂具有医药效用，在宗教祭典和葬礼仪式中使用。除香水外，此番在塞浦路斯发现的古香水作坊中还发现有炼铜铺子、酒窖和橄榄油榨取坊等遗迹。
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千年香水秘方
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5 p- ~7 y6 L# V/ k/ |2 L成分：薰衣草、迷迭香、松木、芫荽、欧芹、香柠檬、苦杏仁、月桂以及橄榄油等。
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制作方法：将碾碎的香草加进油和水里，再把混合物装进长颈小瓶中，最后将瓶子放在灰烬上烤１２小时。人在德国 社区; @+ z( z5 H3 \# P
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  {& o! y% {. |: u- J/ p「香水闻起来不错。」——女游客阿莱夏•阿凡纳塔
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# X6 D% b* @7 u, i2 B$ S「我能闻出有松脂味。」——参观者朱丽娅, _+ r1 f) [+ [+ Q7 R, v0 I3 Y9 I$ u
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4000-year-old perfumes found on Aphrodite's fabled island6 r% m0 N" Z1 C7 A+ A- F& L
The remains of ancient scents and bottles found on Cyprus have gone in display, writes Malcolm Moore.
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% ^. q; ]  C( gITALIAN archaeologists have found the world's oldest perfumes on Cyprus.人在德国 社区. D. ]- f5 T2 C: y( r* A

3 f, T! s0 R3 k6 ^) m2 ~人在德国 社区The perfumes were scented with extracts of lavender, bay, rosemary, pine or coriander and kept in tiny translucent alabaster bottles.
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The remaining traces found at Pyrgos, in the south of the island, are more than 4000 years old.6 w# M7 F& ~& S1 I

* X9 \4 i! k: kThey were discovered inside what archaeologists believe was an 3995-square-metre perfume-making factory.
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1 y, W8 R* a+ D7 g  m"We were astonished at how big the place was," the leader of the archaeological team, Maria Rosa Belgiorno, said. "Perfumes must have been produced on an industrial scale."人在德国 社区% ?) A0 D2 v: a
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At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were perfectly preserved at the site, which had been blanketed in earth after a violent earthquake about 1850BC.% e4 U9 l# m' d

' C# J/ L( M" E( N; o# rThe abundance of perfumes fits well with Cyprus' mythological status as the birthplace of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love.
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"The goddess' myth was strongly linked to the perfume she used to get what she wanted," the head of Cyprus' antiquities department, Pavlos Flourentzos, said.
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The finds are now on display at the Capitoline Museum in Rome.# ]" j( c- U: ~7 N

$ H+ E" W( N( A5 lFour of the perfumes have been re-created from residues found at the site.9 l4 q& H. I$ d2 \7 r1 t
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An Italian foundation, which aims to re-create antique traditions, distilled them according to techniques described by Pliny the Elder, by grinding the herbs, adding them to oil and water, and burying them in a long-necked jug over hot embers for 12 hours.
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"It smells good, but strong," museum visitor Alessia Affinata, 30, said. "I can smell the pine especially," said Giulia Occhi Villavecchia, 23.
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Neither was sure they would actually wear them.